The Atomic Structure: The substances in the universe are available in solid form, as a solid, liquid or in the form of air. Each substance is made up of fine particles, which represent all the properties of a substance, but the smallest particles that cannot be partitioned are called molecules.
Although the molecules of each substance have different properties, the molecules of all substances are only three. Made up of components. These components are called proton, electron and neutron, respectively, since the number and structure of these elements are different in the molecule of the material, the properties of those materials are also different.
However, electronically, the proton of any molecule is rich, the electrons are negative and the neutrons are depressed, of which the protons and neutrons are aligned in the nucleus of the atom, while the electrons travel around the nucleus in a circular orbit.
The maximum number of electrons in each cell is denoted by the formula 2n2. Here the cell number is represented by this letter n. e.g. In the first cell there are two, eight in the second cell or eighteen in the third orbit, but in the last cell of any molecule that is called valance orbit, it has a maximum of eight electrons. Due to the attraction force between the positively charged protons in the center and the negatively charged electrons moving in the cell, the electrons cannot leave their orbit.
However, as you move away from the center, the attraction force decreases. Naturally, a small amount of external induction (heat, magnetism, light) releases electrons in the orbital chamber and can be transported to the accompanying space.
However, the place where the electrons are released is where there is a large amount of electrons, where the positive charge is the unit of charge. 1 columb = 6. 242X103 Electrons / second The difference between positive and negative voltage is called Potential Differnce. This difference creates a pressure which is called electromotive force.
Voltage unit is the voltage difference between two different electrodes so that when both ends are connected together by a conductor wire, the excess free electrons at the minus end start flowing faster to the point lacking by the carrier, thus the carrying current of the electrons. (current).
Ampere is the unit of measuring current. In fact, although the carrying of electrons flows from the tip of the net to the tip of the end, it is believed that the electric current flows from the tip to the tip of the net according to the previous people's consent. There is some hindrance or opposition to the carrying of electrons which is used to carry the current flow. This is called the resistance of any substance.
The importance of the electrode is unique, because when both ends of the voltage are connected together without any conflict, the speed of the electrons is controlled by the lack of control over the speed and number of electrons.
1. Conductor: The amount of electrons in a compound is different depending on the amount of electrons in it. These are called conductors. Naturally, they are used to create conductive wires (eg gold, silver, copper, aluminium).
2. Insulator : which are difficult to release electrons from a substance that is completely full or contains more than four electrons. Naturally, because of the free electrons, the current cannot flow easily through such a material, hence it is called as an insulator. eg plastic rubber and glass.
3. Semiconductors : The compound of this substance has four electrons in its orbit, and of course its conductivity is between the conductor and the insulator. At low temperatures no material flows through this material. However, because of the electrons being freely released at high temperatures, the fluorescence flows through such materials. Silicon and germanium are the two main semiconductor materials.
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